定语从句易错知识点

        定语从句

【2018年高考考纲解读】

定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是在非限制性定语从句中的运用。主要考点有：

①关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句；

②关系副词where/when引导的定语从句；

③“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句；

关系代词和关系副词的区别

填空：1．Do you still remember the chicken farm ______ we visited three months ago?

2．In an hour, we can travel to places ______ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.

3．Some children go to a day care center, ______ they learn simple games and songs.

改错   1. This is an experience I will never forget it.

We presented our gifts to him，which he liked them very much.

I am also sending you a few record of our daily conversations,from that you can hear real American Enghilsh.

【解题技巧】

遇到时间和地点，判断成分是关键；主语、宾语用关代，状语才能用关副。

—Is that the small town you often refer to?

—Right, just the one ______ you know I used to work for years.

【特别探究】

表示时间、地点的先行词的模糊化。如：activity, business, occasion, point, case等。

They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.

Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers where consumer complains have resulted in changes in the law.(where＝in the cases)

“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择

“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择是一个常考点，也是一个难点。请看下面三个句子，填上合适的介词，并从中发现一些规律。

1．He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ which he went on to Cambridge.

2．This is the farm ______ which he worked two years ago.

3．In the dark street there was not a single person ______ whom she could turn for help.

考生在确定其中的介词时，可从以下三方面入手：

句子的意思；

先行词的意义；

从句中的动词固定搭配。

【特别提醒】

注意way(方式)后接定语从句时的引导词。

先行词是way，当引导词在从句中作状语时，关系词用in which, that或者省略；

当引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that/which引导(作宾语时，引导词也可以省略)。

比较：

The way(that/which) he explained to us was quite simple.

The way(that/in which) he explained the sentence was simple.

引导词as, which的区别

1．引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容时的区别：

(1)表达“正如”之意时，用as，如果仅指代整个主句内容而没有“正如”之意，则用which。

He went abroad,       was unexpected.

She is a good doctor,       her mother used to be.

(2)当从句位于主句前面时，只用as。

As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

2．限制性定语从句中有such, the same时，其后常用as引导定语从句

He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect.

This is the same pen as I lost.

3. as引导非限制性定语从句时，只能指代整个主句内容，

which既可以指代整个主句内容，又可以指代先行词。

The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames.

4.as常与从句中的know, see, hear, expect等动词连用，也常用于as often happens, as is often the case(常有的事)等句子中。

He was absent from school, as is often the case.

请观察下面三个句子：

语法填空：1.Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination, ______ disappointed his mother.

2.Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination and ______ disappointed his mother.

3.Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination; ______ disappointed his mother.

短文改错：1. Li hua, one of my classmates, who was not good at English while I did well.

判断是定语从句还是并列句，要注意句中的标点符号和句中的连接词。

（1）如果句与句之间有连词或者分号，则是并列句；

（2）如果是逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明，则是非限制性定语从句，应该使用关系词。

定语从句与强调句的区别

(1) It is on the island       they spent 10 years.

(2) It is the island       they spent 10 years.

一般来说，如果将it is/was…与连接词去掉，句子仍然正确，就为强调句型，选用that连接词；

否则，就为定语从句，其关系词的选择，应根据先行词与从句的关系而定。

1.We were highly praised for which we did, without which the race could not have been a success.

2.You may focus on which you are faced with.

3. Now the city wants larger lorries what cause more pollution than biofuel, which are produced from waste.

尤其要注意名词性从句what/which用法 VS 定语从句which用法

定语从句which代替先行词在句子中充当成分。

定语从句中的谓语动词的形式与先行词的单复数保持一致

当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词在人称、数方面应该与先行词保持一致。

1．one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数形式动词。如：

The Great Wall is one of the world­famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.

the only one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数形式动词。如：

The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.

Titanic is the only one of these wonderful moves that has been produced in Hollywood.

当关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as与which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。

改错：1.I was the only person in my office that were invited.

2. Good teachers are like candles that gives warmth and light to students.

题型一、关系代词         引导的定语从句

【例1】 (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,   ________ is not good for the health.

【变式探究】【2016·浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.

【变式探究】(2015·课标全国Ⅰ，64)I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.

【举一反三】(2015·浙江，19)Creating an atmosphere in ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.

【变式探究】That evening，________ I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.　　　　　　　　　　

【变式探究】 It is the third time that she has won the race，________ has surprised us all.

【变式探究】The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.　　

题型二、         引导的定语从句

【例2】【2016·北京】22. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.

【变式探究】(2014·山东，10)A company         profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

【变式探究】I wish to thank Professor Smith，without ________ help I would never have got this far.

【变式探究】The old temple ________ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.

【方法技巧】

1．whose引导的定语从句

whose在定语从句中作定语，后面要接名词，其含义是“(先行词)的……”。whose既可以指人也可以指物。

(1)表示物时相当于“the＋名词＋of＋which”或“of＋which＋the＋名词”。

(2)表示人时相当于“the＋名词＋of＋whom”或“of＋whom＋the＋名词”。

2．whose引导的定语从句与并列句的区别

whose引导的定语从句易与含有物主代词its，their的并列句混淆。如：

China has the 3rd longest river in the world，whose name is the Yangze River.

China has the 3rd longest river in the world，and its name is the Yangze River.　　

题型三、         引导的定语从句

【例3】(2015·北京，24改编)Opposite is St.Paul's Church，________you can hear some lovely music.

【变式探究】Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.

【举一反三】He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.

【变式探究】Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.

【变式探究】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，________ it will keep for two or three weeks.　

题型四、         引导的定语从句

【例4】(2017·北京卷改编)改错：I have never performed such a task that you've asked me to do.

【变式探究】 (2015·江苏，21)The number of smokers,         is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

【变式探究】The air quality in the city，________ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.

【变式探究】A lot of language learning，________ has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

【方法技巧】

as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式

such+名词+as...像....一样的, 像.....之类的

   The same +名词+as....和......同样的

关系代词as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。

We have found such materials as are used in their factory.

These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.

He is not the same man as he was.

注意：such...as...引导的定语从句与such...that...引导的状语从句的区别：

He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.

He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.

(2)..such as...

such为代词，意为“这样的人或物”，as在从句中作成分，修饰先行词such。

题型五、介词+关系代词

【例5】The children, all of ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.

【变式探究】Care of the soul is a gradual process ________ even the small details of life should be considered.

【变式探究】Julie was good at German，French and Russian，all of ________ she spoke fluently.

【变式探究】She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction ________ had taken more than three years.